Male Breast Cancer

Perception and Knowledge among Adult Men from a Regional City in Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction: Male breast cancer is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1 % of all cases, and is often diagnosed late due to widespread lack of awareness. In Paraguay, there are no previous data on men's knowledge about this disease. Objective: To analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to male breast cancer among adult men in a city in the interior of Paraguay. Methodology:
A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Fifty-six adult men over the age of 18 from Santa Rosa del Aguaray participated. A self-administered questionnaire assessed general knowledge, risk factors, symptoms, preventive practices, and attitudes toward women’s breast health. Results: A total of 82.5 % of participants knew that men can develop breast cancer, although important gaps were found in the knowledge of specific risk factors such as BRCA mutations, obesity, and alcohol consumption. University education was significantly associated with greater knowledge (p = 0.033). While over 80 % reported they would seek medical attention for suspicious breast symptoms, only 12.5 % had ever done so. Additionally, 100 % would support a close woman getting a mammogram and 91.2 % would encourage monthly self-exams. Conclusions: Although general awareness of male breast cancer was higher than reported in other countries, key knowledge gaps remain. Men can play an active role in promoting early detection. Educational campaigns specifically targeting men—particularly those with lower educational levels—are recommended to improve health literacy and early diagnosis.