Characterization of patients with basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Plastic Surgery Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo, 2017-2023

Abstract

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanocytic skin neoplasm worldwide, primarily associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It commonly affects the head and neck region, resulting in significant functional and aesthetic sequelae. Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with BCC of the head and neck admitted to the Plastic Surgery Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas between 2017 and 2023. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The sample consisted of 120 records selected by non-probability convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Descriptive statistics were applied, and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Results: The main findings revealed a predominance of the 75-84 age group, females, and residents of rural areas (63%). The most common clinical form was nodular (71%), with lesions located primarily on the nose (33%) and with a duration of more than one year (54%). The most frequent reconstructive treatment was the local flap (68%), with the V-Y and bilobed advancement flaps being the most common. Conclusion: It is concluded that basal cell carcinoma (BCC) primarily affects older adults in rural areas, who arrive at the healthcare system with advanced lesions requiring complex surgical interventions. These results highlight the need to implement early detection, prevention, and community education strategies focused on skin cancer.